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    /* -*- c -*-
       ----------------------------------------------------------------
    
       Notice that the following BSD-style license applies to this one
       file (valgrind.h) only.  The rest of Valgrind is licensed under the
       terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2, unless
       otherwise indicated.  See the COPYING file in the source
       distribution for details.
    
       ----------------------------------------------------------------
    
       This file is part of Valgrind, a dynamic binary instrumentation
       framework.
    
       Copyright (C) 2000-2010 Julian Seward.  All rights reserved.
    
       redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
       modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
       are met:
    
       1. redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
          notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    
       2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must 
          not claim that you wrote the original software.  If you use this 
          software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product 
          documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
    
       3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
          not be misrepresented as being the original software.
    
       4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote 
          products derived from this software without specific prior written 
          permission.
    
       THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
       OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
       WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
       ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
       DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
       DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
       GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
       INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
       WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
       NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
       SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
    
       ----------------------------------------------------------------
    
       Notice that the above BSD-style license applies to this one file
       (valgrind.h) only.  The entire rest of Valgrind is licensed under
       the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.  See the
       COPYING file in the source distribution for details.
    
       ---------------------------------------------------------------- 
    */
    
    
    /* This file is for inclusion into client (your!) code.
    
       You can use these macros to manipulate and query Valgrind's 
       execution inside your own programs.
    
       The resulting executables will still run without Valgrind, just a
       little bit more slowly than they otherwise would, but otherwise
       unchanged.  When not running on valgrind, each client request
       consumes very few (eg. 7) instructions, so the resulting performance
       loss is negligible unless you plan to execute client requests
       millions of times per second.  Nevertheless, if that is still a
       problem, you can compile with the NVALGRIND symbol defined (gcc
       -DNVALGRIND) so that client requests are not even compiled in.  */
    
    #ifndef __VALGRIND_H
    #define __VALGRIND_H
    
    
    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
    /* VERSION NUMBER OF VALGRIND                                         */
    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
    
    /* Specify Valgrind's version number, so that user code can
       conditionally compile based on our version number.  Note that these
       were introduced at version 3.6 and so do not exist in version 3.5
       or earlier.  The recommended way to use them to check for "version
       X.Y or later" is (eg)
    
    #if defined(__VALGRIND_MAJOR__) && defined(__VALGRIND_MINOR__)   \
        && (__VALGRIND_MAJOR__ > 3                                   \
            || (__VALGRIND_MAJOR__ == 3 && __VALGRIND_MINOR__ >= 6))
    */
    #define __VALGRIND_MAJOR__    3
    #define __VALGRIND_MINOR__    6
    
    
    #include <stdarg.h>
    
    /* Nb: this file might be included in a file compiled with -ansi.  So
       we can't use C++ style "//" comments nor the "asm" keyword (instead
       use "__asm__"). */
    
    /* Derive some tags indicating what the target platform is.  Note
       that in this file we're using the compiler's CPP symbols for
       identifying architectures, which are different to the ones we use
       within the rest of Valgrind.  Note, __powerpc__ is active for both
       32 and 64-bit PPC, whereas __powerpc64__ is only active for the
       latter (on Linux, that is).
    
       Misc note: how to find out what's predefined in gcc by default:
       gcc -Wp,-dM somefile.c
    */
    #undef PLAT_ppc64_aix5
    #undef PLAT_ppc32_aix5
    #undef PLAT_x86_darwin
    #undef PLAT_amd64_darwin
    #undef PLAT_x86_win32
    #undef PLAT_x86_linux
    #undef PLAT_amd64_linux
    #undef PLAT_ppc32_linux
    #undef PLAT_ppc64_linux
    #undef PLAT_arm_linux
    
    #if defined(_AIX) && defined(__64BIT__)
    #  define PLAT_ppc64_aix5 1
    #elif defined(_AIX) && !defined(__64BIT__)
    #  define PLAT_ppc32_aix5 1
    #elif defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__i386__)
    #  define PLAT_x86_darwin 1
    #elif defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__x86_64__)
    #  define PLAT_amd64_darwin 1
    #elif defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__CYGWIN32__) || defined(_WIN32) && defined(_M_IX86)
    #  define PLAT_x86_win32 1
    #elif defined(__linux__) && defined(__i386__)
    #  define PLAT_x86_linux 1
    #elif defined(__linux__) && defined(__x86_64__)
    #  define PLAT_amd64_linux 1
    #elif defined(__linux__) && defined(__powerpc__) && !defined(__powerpc64__)
    #  define PLAT_ppc32_linux 1
    #elif defined(__linux__) && defined(__powerpc__) && defined(__powerpc64__)
    #  define PLAT_ppc64_linux 1
    #elif defined(__linux__) && defined(__arm__)
    #  define PLAT_arm_linux 1
    #else
    /* If we're not compiling for our target platform, don't generate
       any inline asms.  */
    #  if !defined(NVALGRIND)
    #    define NVALGRIND 1
    #  endif
    #endif
    
    
    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
    /* ARCHITECTURE SPECIFICS for SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS.  There is nothing */
    /* in here of use to end-users -- skip to the next section.           */
    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
    
    #if defined(NVALGRIND)
    
    /* Define NVALGRIND to completely remove the Valgrind magic sequence
       from the compiled code (analogous to NDEBUG's effects on
       assert()) */
    #define VALGRIND_DO_CLIENT_REQUEST(                               \
            _zzq_rlval, _zzq_default, _zzq_request,                   \
            _zzq_arg1, _zzq_arg2, _zzq_arg3, _zzq_arg4, _zzq_arg5)    \
       {                                                              \
          (_zzq_rlval) = (_zzq_default);                              \
       }
    
    #else  /* ! NVALGRIND */
    
    /* The following defines the magic code sequences which the JITter
       spots and handles magically.  Don't look too closely at them as
       they will rot your brain.
    
       The assembly code sequences for all architectures is in this one
       file.  This is because this file must be stand-alone, and we don't
       want to have multiple files.
    
       For VALGRIND_DO_CLIENT_REQUEST, we must ensure that the default
       value gets put in the return slot, so that everything works when
       this is executed not under Valgrind.  Args are passed in a memory
       block, and so there's no intrinsic limit to the number that could
       be passed, but it's currently five.
       
       The macro args are: 
          _zzq_rlval    result lvalue
          _zzq_default  default value (result returned when running on real CPU)
          _zzq_request  request code
          _zzq_arg1..5  request params
    
       The other two macros are used to support function wrapping, and are
       a lot simpler.  VALGRIND_GET_NR_CONTEXT returns the value of the
       guest's NRADDR pseudo-register and whatever other information is
       needed to safely run the call original from the wrapper: on
       ppc64-linux, the R2 value at the divert point is also needed.  This
       information is abstracted into a user-visible type, OrigFn.
    
       VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR_* behaves the same as the following on the
       guest, but guarantees that the branch instruction will not be
       redirected: x86: call *%eax, amd64: call *%rax, ppc32/ppc64:
       branch-and-link-to-r11.  VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR is just text, not a
       complete inline asm, since it needs to be combined with more magic
       inline asm stuff to be useful.
    */
    
    /* ------------------------- x86-{linux,darwin} ---------------- */
    
    #if defined(PLAT_x86_linux)  ||  defined(PLAT_x86_darwin)  \
        ||  (defined(PLAT_x86_win32) && defined(__GNUC__))
    
    typedef
       struct { 
          unsigned int nraddr; /* where's the code? */
       }
       OrigFn;
    
    #define __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE                            \
                         "roll $3,  %%edi ; roll $13, %%edi\n\t"      \
                         "roll $29, %%edi ; roll $19, %%edi\n\t"
    
    #define VALGRIND_DO_CLIENT_REQUEST(                               \
            _zzq_rlval, _zzq_default, _zzq_request,                   \
            _zzq_arg1, _zzq_arg2, _zzq_arg3, _zzq_arg4, _zzq_arg5)    \
      { volatile unsigned int _zzq_args[6];                           \
        volatile unsigned int _zzq_result;                            \
        _zzq_args[0] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_request);                  \
        _zzq_args[1] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg1);                     \
        _zzq_args[2] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg2);                     \
        _zzq_args[3] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg3);                     \
        _zzq_args[4] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg4);                     \
        _zzq_args[5] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg5);                     \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %EDX = client_request ( %EAX ) */         \
                         "xchgl %%ebx,%%ebx"                          \
                         : "=d" (_zzq_result)                         \
                         : "a" (&_zzq_args[0]), "0" (_zzq_default)    \
                         : "cc", "memory"                             \
                        );                                            \
        _zzq_rlval = _zzq_result;                                     \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_GET_NR_CONTEXT(_zzq_rlval)                       \
      { volatile OrigFn* _zzq_orig = &(_zzq_rlval);                   \
        volatile unsigned int __addr;                                 \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %EAX = guest_NRADDR */                    \
                         "xchgl %%ecx,%%ecx"                          \
                         : "=a" (__addr)                              \
                         :                                            \
                         : "cc", "memory"                             \
                        );                                            \
        _zzq_orig->nraddr = __addr;                                   \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR_EAX                                 \
                         __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* call-noredir *%EAX */                     \
                         "xchgl %%edx,%%edx\n\t"
    #endif /* PLAT_x86_linux || PLAT_x86_darwin || (PLAT_x86_win32 && __GNUC__) */
    
    /* ------------------------- x86-Win32 ------------------------- */
    
    #if defined(PLAT_x86_win32) && !defined(__GNUC__)
    
    typedef
       struct { 
          unsigned int nraddr; /* where's the code? */
       }
       OrigFn;
    
    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
    
    #define __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE                            \
                         __asm rol edi, 3  __asm rol edi, 13          \
                         __asm rol edi, 29 __asm rol edi, 19
    
    #define VALGRIND_DO_CLIENT_REQUEST(                               \
            _zzq_rlval, _zzq_default, _zzq_request,                   \
            _zzq_arg1, _zzq_arg2, _zzq_arg3, _zzq_arg4, _zzq_arg5)    \
      { volatile uintptr_t _zzq_args[6];                              \
        volatile unsigned int _zzq_result;                            \
        _zzq_args[0] = (uintptr_t)(_zzq_request);                     \
        _zzq_args[1] = (uintptr_t)(_zzq_arg1);                        \
        _zzq_args[2] = (uintptr_t)(_zzq_arg2);                        \
        _zzq_args[3] = (uintptr_t)(_zzq_arg3);                        \
        _zzq_args[4] = (uintptr_t)(_zzq_arg4);                        \
        _zzq_args[5] = (uintptr_t)(_zzq_arg5);                        \
        __asm { __asm lea eax, _zzq_args __asm mov edx, _zzq_default  \
                __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE                        \
                /* %EDX = client_request ( %EAX ) */                  \
                __asm xchg ebx,ebx                                    \
                __asm mov _zzq_result, edx                            \
        }                                                             \
        _zzq_rlval = _zzq_result;                                     \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_GET_NR_CONTEXT(_zzq_rlval)                       \
      { volatile OrigFn* _zzq_orig = &(_zzq_rlval);                   \
        volatile unsigned int __addr;                                 \
        __asm { __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE                        \
                /* %EAX = guest_NRADDR */                             \
                __asm xchg ecx,ecx                                    \
                __asm mov __addr, eax                                 \
        }                                                             \
        _zzq_orig->nraddr = __addr;                                   \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR_EAX ERROR
    
    #else
    #error Unsupported compiler.
    #endif
    
    #endif /* PLAT_x86_win32 */
    
    /* ------------------------ amd64-{linux,darwin} --------------- */
    
    #if defined(PLAT_amd64_linux)  ||  defined(PLAT_amd64_darwin)
    
    typedef
       struct { 
          unsigned long long int nraddr; /* where's the code? */
       }
       OrigFn;
    
    #define __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE                            \
                         "rolq $3,  %%rdi ; rolq $13, %%rdi\n\t"      \
                         "rolq $61, %%rdi ; rolq $51, %%rdi\n\t"
    
    #define VALGRIND_DO_CLIENT_REQUEST(                               \
            _zzq_rlval, _zzq_default, _zzq_request,                   \
            _zzq_arg1, _zzq_arg2, _zzq_arg3, _zzq_arg4, _zzq_arg5)    \
      { volatile unsigned long long int _zzq_args[6];                 \
        volatile unsigned long long int _zzq_result;                  \
        _zzq_args[0] = (unsigned long long int)(_zzq_request);        \
        _zzq_args[1] = (unsigned long long int)(_zzq_arg1);           \
        _zzq_args[2] = (unsigned long long int)(_zzq_arg2);           \
        _zzq_args[3] = (unsigned long long int)(_zzq_arg3);           \
        _zzq_args[4] = (unsigned long long int)(_zzq_arg4);           \
        _zzq_args[5] = (unsigned long long int)(_zzq_arg5);           \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %RDX = client_request ( %RAX ) */         \
                         "xchgq %%rbx,%%rbx"                          \
                         : "=d" (_zzq_result)                         \
                         : "a" (&_zzq_args[0]), "0" (_zzq_default)    \
                         : "cc", "memory"                             \
                        );                                            \
        _zzq_rlval = _zzq_result;                                     \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_GET_NR_CONTEXT(_zzq_rlval)                       \
      { volatile OrigFn* _zzq_orig = &(_zzq_rlval);                   \
        volatile unsigned long long int __addr;                       \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %RAX = guest_NRADDR */                    \
                         "xchgq %%rcx,%%rcx"                          \
                         : "=a" (__addr)                              \
                         :                                            \
                         : "cc", "memory"                             \
                        );                                            \
        _zzq_orig->nraddr = __addr;                                   \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR_RAX                                 \
                         __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* call-noredir *%RAX */                     \
                         "xchgq %%rdx,%%rdx\n\t"
    #endif /* PLAT_amd64_linux || PLAT_amd64_darwin */
    
    /* ------------------------ ppc32-linux ------------------------ */
    
    #if defined(PLAT_ppc32_linux)
    
    typedef
       struct { 
          unsigned int nraddr; /* where's the code? */
       }
       OrigFn;
    
    #define __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE                            \
                         "rlwinm 0,0,3,0,0  ; rlwinm 0,0,13,0,0\n\t"  \
                         "rlwinm 0,0,29,0,0 ; rlwinm 0,0,19,0,0\n\t"
    
    #define VALGRIND_DO_CLIENT_REQUEST(                               \
            _zzq_rlval, _zzq_default, _zzq_request,                   \
            _zzq_arg1, _zzq_arg2, _zzq_arg3, _zzq_arg4, _zzq_arg5)    \
                                                                      \
      {          unsigned int  _zzq_args[6];                          \
                 unsigned int  _zzq_result;                           \
                 unsigned int* _zzq_ptr;                              \
        _zzq_args[0] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_request);                  \
        _zzq_args[1] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg1);                     \
        _zzq_args[2] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg2);                     \
        _zzq_args[3] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg3);                     \
        _zzq_args[4] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg4);                     \
        _zzq_args[5] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg5);                     \
        _zzq_ptr = _zzq_args;                                         \
        __asm__ volatile("mr 3,%1\n\t" /*default*/                    \
                         "mr 4,%2\n\t" /*ptr*/                        \
                         __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %R3 = client_request ( %R4 ) */           \
                         "or 1,1,1\n\t"                               \
                         "mr %0,3"     /*result*/                     \
                         : "=b" (_zzq_result)                         \
                         : "b" (_zzq_default), "b" (_zzq_ptr)         \
                         : "cc", "memory", "r3", "r4");               \
        _zzq_rlval = _zzq_result;                                     \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_GET_NR_CONTEXT(_zzq_rlval)                       \
      { volatile OrigFn* _zzq_orig = &(_zzq_rlval);                   \
        unsigned int __addr;                                          \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %R3 = guest_NRADDR */                     \
                         "or 2,2,2\n\t"                               \
                         "mr %0,3"                                    \
                         : "=b" (__addr)                              \
                         :                                            \
                         : "cc", "memory", "r3"                       \
                        );                                            \
        _zzq_orig->nraddr = __addr;                                   \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_BRANCH_AND_LINK_TO_NOREDIR_R11                   \
                         __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* branch-and-link-to-noredir *%R11 */       \
                         "or 3,3,3\n\t"
    #endif /* PLAT_ppc32_linux */
    
    /* ------------------------ ppc64-linux ------------------------ */
    
    #if defined(PLAT_ppc64_linux)
    
    typedef
       struct { 
          unsigned long long int nraddr; /* where's the code? */
          unsigned long long int r2;  /* what tocptr do we need? */
       }
       OrigFn;
    
    #define __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE                            \
                         "rotldi 0,0,3  ; rotldi 0,0,13\n\t"          \
                         "rotldi 0,0,61 ; rotldi 0,0,51\n\t"
    
    #define VALGRIND_DO_CLIENT_REQUEST(                               \
            _zzq_rlval, _zzq_default, _zzq_request,                   \
            _zzq_arg1, _zzq_arg2, _zzq_arg3, _zzq_arg4, _zzq_arg5)    \
                                                                      \
      {          unsigned long long int  _zzq_args[6];                \
        register unsigned long long int  _zzq_result __asm__("r3");   \
        register unsigned long long int* _zzq_ptr __asm__("r4");      \
        _zzq_args[0] = (unsigned long long int)(_zzq_request);        \
        _zzq_args[1] = (unsigned long long int)(_zzq_arg1);           \
        _zzq_args[2] = (unsigned long long int)(_zzq_arg2);           \
        _zzq_args[3] = (unsigned long long int)(_zzq_arg3);           \
        _zzq_args[4] = (unsigned long long int)(_zzq_arg4);           \
        _zzq_args[5] = (unsigned long long int)(_zzq_arg5);           \
        _zzq_ptr = _zzq_args;                                         \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %R3 = client_request ( %R4 ) */           \
                         "or 1,1,1"                                   \
                         : "=r" (_zzq_result)                         \
                         : "0" (_zzq_default), "r" (_zzq_ptr)         \
                         : "cc", "memory");                           \
        _zzq_rlval = _zzq_result;                                     \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_GET_NR_CONTEXT(_zzq_rlval)                       \
      { volatile OrigFn* _zzq_orig = &(_zzq_rlval);                   \
        register unsigned long long int __addr __asm__("r3");         \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %R3 = guest_NRADDR */                     \
                         "or 2,2,2"                                   \
                         : "=r" (__addr)                              \
                         :                                            \
                         : "cc", "memory"                             \
                        );                                            \
        _zzq_orig->nraddr = __addr;                                   \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %R3 = guest_NRADDR_GPR2 */                \
                         "or 4,4,4"                                   \
                         : "=r" (__addr)                              \
                         :                                            \
                         : "cc", "memory"                             \
                        );                                            \
        _zzq_orig->r2 = __addr;                                       \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_BRANCH_AND_LINK_TO_NOREDIR_R11                   \
                         __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* branch-and-link-to-noredir *%R11 */       \
                         "or 3,3,3\n\t"
    
    #endif /* PLAT_ppc64_linux */
    
    /* ------------------------- arm-linux ------------------------- */
    
    #if defined(PLAT_arm_linux)
    
    typedef
       struct { 
          unsigned int nraddr; /* where's the code? */
       }
       OrigFn;
    
    #define __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE                            \
                "mov r12, r12, ror #3  ; mov r12, r12, ror #13 \n\t"  \
                "mov r12, r12, ror #29 ; mov r12, r12, ror #19 \n\t"
    
    #define VALGRIND_DO_CLIENT_REQUEST(                               \
            _zzq_rlval, _zzq_default, _zzq_request,                   \
            _zzq_arg1, _zzq_arg2, _zzq_arg3, _zzq_arg4, _zzq_arg5)    \
                                                                      \
      { volatile unsigned int  _zzq_args[6];                          \
        volatile unsigned int  _zzq_result;                           \
        _zzq_args[0] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_request);                  \
        _zzq_args[1] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg1);                     \
        _zzq_args[2] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg2);                     \
        _zzq_args[3] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg3);                     \
        _zzq_args[4] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg4);                     \
        _zzq_args[5] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg5);                     \
        __asm__ volatile("mov r3, %1\n\t" /*default*/                 \
                         "mov r4, %2\n\t" /*ptr*/                     \
                         __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* R3 = client_request ( R4 ) */             \
                         "orr r10, r10, r10\n\t"                      \
                         "mov %0, r3"     /*result*/                  \
                         : "=r" (_zzq_result)                         \
                         : "r" (_zzq_default), "r" (&_zzq_args[0])    \
                         : "cc","memory", "r3", "r4");                \
        _zzq_rlval = _zzq_result;                                     \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_GET_NR_CONTEXT(_zzq_rlval)                       \
      { volatile OrigFn* _zzq_orig = &(_zzq_rlval);                   \
        unsigned int __addr;                                          \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* R3 = guest_NRADDR */                      \
                         "orr r11, r11, r11\n\t"                      \
                         "mov %0, r3"                                 \
                         : "=r" (__addr)                              \
                         :                                            \
                         : "cc", "memory", "r3"                       \
                        );                                            \
        _zzq_orig->nraddr = __addr;                                   \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_BRANCH_AND_LINK_TO_NOREDIR_R4                    \
                         __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* branch-and-link-to-noredir *%R4 */        \
                         "orr r12, r12, r12\n\t"
    
    #endif /* PLAT_arm_linux */
    
    /* ------------------------ ppc32-aix5 ------------------------- */
    
    #if defined(PLAT_ppc32_aix5)
    
    typedef
       struct { 
          unsigned int nraddr; /* where's the code? */
          unsigned int r2;  /* what tocptr do we need? */
       }
       OrigFn;
    
    #define __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE                            \
                         "rlwinm 0,0,3,0,0  ; rlwinm 0,0,13,0,0\n\t"  \
                         "rlwinm 0,0,29,0,0 ; rlwinm 0,0,19,0,0\n\t"
    
    #define VALGRIND_DO_CLIENT_REQUEST(                               \
            _zzq_rlval, _zzq_default, _zzq_request,                   \
            _zzq_arg1, _zzq_arg2, _zzq_arg3, _zzq_arg4, _zzq_arg5)    \
                                                                      \
      {          unsigned int  _zzq_args[7];                          \
        register unsigned int  _zzq_result;                           \
        register unsigned int* _zzq_ptr;                              \
        _zzq_args[0] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_request);                  \
        _zzq_args[1] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg1);                     \
        _zzq_args[2] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg2);                     \
        _zzq_args[3] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg3);                     \
        _zzq_args[4] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg4);                     \
        _zzq_args[5] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_arg5);                     \
        _zzq_args[6] = (unsigned int)(_zzq_default);                  \
        _zzq_ptr = _zzq_args;                                         \
        __asm__ volatile("mr 4,%1\n\t"                                \
                         "lwz 3, 24(4)\n\t"                           \
                         __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %R3 = client_request ( %R4 ) */           \
                         "or 1,1,1\n\t"                               \
                         "mr %0,3"                                    \
                         : "=b" (_zzq_result)                         \
                         : "b" (_zzq_ptr)                             \
                         : "r3", "r4", "cc", "memory");               \
        _zzq_rlval = _zzq_result;                                     \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_GET_NR_CONTEXT(_zzq_rlval)                       \
      { volatile OrigFn* _zzq_orig = &(_zzq_rlval);                   \
        register unsigned int __addr;                                 \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %R3 = guest_NRADDR */                     \
                         "or 2,2,2\n\t"                               \
                         "mr %0,3"                                    \
                         : "=b" (__addr)                              \
                         :                                            \
                         : "r3", "cc", "memory"                       \
                        );                                            \
        _zzq_orig->nraddr = __addr;                                   \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %R3 = guest_NRADDR_GPR2 */                \
                         "or 4,4,4\n\t"                               \
                         "mr %0,3"                                    \
                         : "=b" (__addr)                              \
                         :                                            \
                         : "r3", "cc", "memory"                       \
                        );                                            \
        _zzq_orig->r2 = __addr;                                       \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_BRANCH_AND_LINK_TO_NOREDIR_R11                   \
                         __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* branch-and-link-to-noredir *%R11 */       \
                         "or 3,3,3\n\t"
    
    #endif /* PLAT_ppc32_aix5 */
    
    /* ------------------------ ppc64-aix5 ------------------------- */
    
    #if defined(PLAT_ppc64_aix5)
    
    typedef
       struct { 
          unsigned long long int nraddr; /* where's the code? */
          unsigned long long int r2;  /* what tocptr do we need? */
       }
       OrigFn;
    
    #define __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE                            \
                         "rotldi 0,0,3  ; rotldi 0,0,13\n\t"          \
                         "rotldi 0,0,61 ; rotldi 0,0,51\n\t"
    
    #define VALGRIND_DO_CLIENT_REQUEST(                               \
            _zzq_rlval, _zzq_default, _zzq_request,                   \
            _zzq_arg1, _zzq_arg2, _zzq_arg3, _zzq_arg4, _zzq_arg5)    \
                                                                      \
      {          unsigned long long int  _zzq_args[7];                \
        register unsigned long long int  _zzq_result;                 \
        register unsigned long long int* _zzq_ptr;                    \
        _zzq_args[0] = (unsigned int long long)(_zzq_request);        \
        _zzq_args[1] = (unsigned int long long)(_zzq_arg1);           \
        _zzq_args[2] = (unsigned int long long)(_zzq_arg2);           \
        _zzq_args[3] = (unsigned int long long)(_zzq_arg3);           \
        _zzq_args[4] = (unsigned int long long)(_zzq_arg4);           \
        _zzq_args[5] = (unsigned int long long)(_zzq_arg5);           \
        _zzq_args[6] = (unsigned int long long)(_zzq_default);        \
        _zzq_ptr = _zzq_args;                                         \
        __asm__ volatile("mr 4,%1\n\t"                                \
                         "ld 3, 48(4)\n\t"                            \
                         __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %R3 = client_request ( %R4 ) */           \
                         "or 1,1,1\n\t"                               \
                         "mr %0,3"                                    \
                         : "=b" (_zzq_result)                         \
                         : "b" (_zzq_ptr)                             \
                         : "r3", "r4", "cc", "memory");               \
        _zzq_rlval = _zzq_result;                                     \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_GET_NR_CONTEXT(_zzq_rlval)                       \
      { volatile OrigFn* _zzq_orig = &(_zzq_rlval);                   \
        register unsigned long long int __addr;                       \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %R3 = guest_NRADDR */                     \
                         "or 2,2,2\n\t"                               \
                         "mr %0,3"                                    \
                         : "=b" (__addr)                              \
                         :                                            \
                         : "r3", "cc", "memory"                       \
                        );                                            \
        _zzq_orig->nraddr = __addr;                                   \
        __asm__ volatile(__SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* %R3 = guest_NRADDR_GPR2 */                \
                         "or 4,4,4\n\t"                               \
                         "mr %0,3"                                    \
                         : "=b" (__addr)                              \
                         :                                            \
                         : "r3", "cc", "memory"                       \
                        );                                            \
        _zzq_orig->r2 = __addr;                                       \
      }
    
    #define VALGRIND_BRANCH_AND_LINK_TO_NOREDIR_R11                   \
                         __SPECIAL_INSTRUCTION_PREAMBLE               \
                         /* branch-and-link-to-noredir *%R11 */       \
                         "or 3,3,3\n\t"
    
    #endif /* PLAT_ppc64_aix5 */
    
    /* Insert assembly code for other platforms here... */
    
    #endif /* NVALGRIND */
    
    
    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
    /* PLATFORM SPECIFICS for FUNCTION WRAPPING.  This is all very        */
    /* ugly.  It's the least-worst tradeoff I can think of.               */
    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
    
    /* This section defines magic (a.k.a appalling-hack) macros for doing
       guaranteed-no-redirection macros, so as to get from function
       wrappers to the functions they are wrapping.  The whole point is to
       construct standard call sequences, but to do the call itself with a
       special no-redirect call pseudo-instruction that the JIT
       understands and handles specially.  This section is long and
       repetitious, and I can't see a way to make it shorter.
    
       The naming scheme is as follows:
    
          CALL_FN_{W,v}_{v,W,WW,WWW,WWWW,5W,6W,7W,etc}
    
       'W' stands for "word" and 'v' for "void".  Hence there are
       different macros for calling arity 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc, functions,
       and for each, the possibility of returning a word-typed result, or
       no result.
    */
    
    /* Use these to write the name of your wrapper.  NOTE: duplicates
       VG_WRAP_FUNCTION_Z{U,Z} in pub_tool_redir.h. */
    
    /* Use an extra level of macroisation so as to ensure the soname/fnname
       args are fully macro-expanded before pasting them together. */
    #define VG_CONCAT4(_aa,_bb,_cc,_dd) _aa##_bb##_cc##_dd
    
    #define I_WRAP_SONAME_FNNAME_ZU(soname,fnname)                    \
       VG_CONCAT4(_vgwZU_,soname,_,fnname)
    
    #define I_WRAP_SONAME_FNNAME_ZZ(soname,fnname)                    \
       VG_CONCAT4(_vgwZZ_,soname,_,fnname)
    
    /* Use this macro from within a wrapper function to collect the
       context (address and possibly other info) of the original function.
       Once you have that you can then use it in one of the CALL_FN_
       macros.  The type of the argument _lval is OrigFn. */
    #define VALGRIND_GET_ORIG_FN(_lval)  VALGRIND_GET_NR_CONTEXT(_lval)
    
    /* Derivatives of the main macros below, for calling functions
       returning void. */
    
    #define CALL_FN_v_v(fnptr)                                        \
       do { volatile unsigned long _junk;                             \
            CALL_FN_W_v(_junk,fnptr); } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_v_W(fnptr, arg1)                                  \
       do { volatile unsigned long _junk;                             \
            CALL_FN_W_W(_junk,fnptr,arg1); } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_v_WW(fnptr, arg1,arg2)                            \
       do { volatile unsigned long _junk;                             \
            CALL_FN_W_WW(_junk,fnptr,arg1,arg2); } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_v_WWW(fnptr, arg1,arg2,arg3)                      \
       do { volatile unsigned long _junk;                             \
            CALL_FN_W_WWW(_junk,fnptr,arg1,arg2,arg3); } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_v_WWWW(fnptr, arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4)                \
       do { volatile unsigned long _junk;                             \
            CALL_FN_W_WWWW(_junk,fnptr,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4); } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_v_5W(fnptr, arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5)             \
       do { volatile unsigned long _junk;                             \
            CALL_FN_W_5W(_junk,fnptr,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5); } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_v_6W(fnptr, arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6)        \
       do { volatile unsigned long _junk;                             \
            CALL_FN_W_6W(_junk,fnptr,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6); } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_v_7W(fnptr, arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6,arg7)   \
       do { volatile unsigned long _junk;                             \
            CALL_FN_W_7W(_junk,fnptr,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6,arg7); } while (0)
    
    /* ------------------------- x86-{linux,darwin} ---------------- */
    
    #if defined(PLAT_x86_linux)  ||  defined(PLAT_x86_darwin)
    
    /* These regs are trashed by the hidden call.  No need to mention eax
       as gcc can already see that, plus causes gcc to bomb. */
    #define __CALLER_SAVED_REGS /*"eax"*/ "ecx", "edx"
    
    /* These CALL_FN_ macros assume that on x86-linux, sizeof(unsigned
       long) == 4. */
    
    #define CALL_FN_W_v(lval, orig)                                   \
       do {                                                           \
          volatile OrigFn        _orig = (orig);                      \
          volatile unsigned long _argvec[1];                          \
          volatile unsigned long _res;                                \
          _argvec[0] = (unsigned long)_orig.nraddr;                   \
          __asm__ volatile(                                           \
             "movl (%%eax), %%eax\n\t"  /* target->%eax */            \
             VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR_EAX                                \
             : /*out*/   "=a" (_res)                                  \
             : /*in*/    "a" (&_argvec[0])                            \
             : /*trash*/ "cc", "memory", __CALLER_SAVED_REGS          \
          );                                                          \
          lval = (__typeof__(lval)) _res;                             \
       } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_W_W(lval, orig, arg1)                             \
       do {                                                           \
          volatile OrigFn        _orig = (orig);                      \
          volatile unsigned long _argvec[2];                          \
          volatile unsigned long _res;                                \
          _argvec[0] = (unsigned long)_orig.nraddr;                   \
          _argvec[1] = (unsigned long)(arg1);                         \
          __asm__ volatile(                                           \
             "subl $12, %%esp\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 4(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "movl (%%eax), %%eax\n\t"  /* target->%eax */            \
             VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR_EAX                                \
             "addl $16, %%esp\n"                                      \
             : /*out*/   "=a" (_res)                                  \
             : /*in*/    "a" (&_argvec[0])                            \
             : /*trash*/ "cc", "memory", __CALLER_SAVED_REGS          \
          );                                                          \
          lval = (__typeof__(lval)) _res;                             \
       } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_W_WW(lval, orig, arg1,arg2)                       \
       do {                                                           \
          volatile OrigFn        _orig = (orig);                      \
          volatile unsigned long _argvec[3];                          \
          volatile unsigned long _res;                                \
          _argvec[0] = (unsigned long)_orig.nraddr;                   \
          _argvec[1] = (unsigned long)(arg1);                         \
          _argvec[2] = (unsigned long)(arg2);                         \
          __asm__ volatile(                                           \
             "subl $8, %%esp\n\t"                                     \
             "pushl 8(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "pushl 4(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "movl (%%eax), %%eax\n\t"  /* target->%eax */            \
             VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR_EAX                                \
             "addl $16, %%esp\n"                                      \
             : /*out*/   "=a" (_res)                                  \
             : /*in*/    "a" (&_argvec[0])                            \
             : /*trash*/ "cc", "memory", __CALLER_SAVED_REGS          \
          );                                                          \
          lval = (__typeof__(lval)) _res;                             \
       } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_W_WWW(lval, orig, arg1,arg2,arg3)                 \
       do {                                                           \
          volatile OrigFn        _orig = (orig);                      \
          volatile unsigned long _argvec[4];                          \
          volatile unsigned long _res;                                \
          _argvec[0] = (unsigned long)_orig.nraddr;                   \
          _argvec[1] = (unsigned long)(arg1);                         \
          _argvec[2] = (unsigned long)(arg2);                         \
          _argvec[3] = (unsigned long)(arg3);                         \
          __asm__ volatile(                                           \
             "subl $4, %%esp\n\t"                                     \
             "pushl 12(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 8(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "pushl 4(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "movl (%%eax), %%eax\n\t"  /* target->%eax */            \
             VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR_EAX                                \
             "addl $16, %%esp\n"                                      \
             : /*out*/   "=a" (_res)                                  \
             : /*in*/    "a" (&_argvec[0])                            \
             : /*trash*/ "cc", "memory", __CALLER_SAVED_REGS          \
          );                                                          \
          lval = (__typeof__(lval)) _res;                             \
       } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_W_WWWW(lval, orig, arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4)           \
       do {                                                           \
          volatile OrigFn        _orig = (orig);                      \
          volatile unsigned long _argvec[5];                          \
          volatile unsigned long _res;                                \
          _argvec[0] = (unsigned long)_orig.nraddr;                   \
          _argvec[1] = (unsigned long)(arg1);                         \
          _argvec[2] = (unsigned long)(arg2);                         \
          _argvec[3] = (unsigned long)(arg3);                         \
          _argvec[4] = (unsigned long)(arg4);                         \
          __asm__ volatile(                                           \
             "pushl 16(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 12(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 8(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "pushl 4(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "movl (%%eax), %%eax\n\t"  /* target->%eax */            \
             VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR_EAX                                \
             "addl $16, %%esp\n"                                      \
             : /*out*/   "=a" (_res)                                  \
             : /*in*/    "a" (&_argvec[0])                            \
             : /*trash*/ "cc", "memory", __CALLER_SAVED_REGS          \
          );                                                          \
          lval = (__typeof__(lval)) _res;                             \
       } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_W_5W(lval, orig, arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5)        \
       do {                                                           \
          volatile OrigFn        _orig = (orig);                      \
          volatile unsigned long _argvec[6];                          \
          volatile unsigned long _res;                                \
          _argvec[0] = (unsigned long)_orig.nraddr;                   \
          _argvec[1] = (unsigned long)(arg1);                         \
          _argvec[2] = (unsigned long)(arg2);                         \
          _argvec[3] = (unsigned long)(arg3);                         \
          _argvec[4] = (unsigned long)(arg4);                         \
          _argvec[5] = (unsigned long)(arg5);                         \
          __asm__ volatile(                                           \
             "subl $12, %%esp\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 20(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 16(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 12(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 8(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "pushl 4(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "movl (%%eax), %%eax\n\t"  /* target->%eax */            \
             VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR_EAX                                \
             "addl $32, %%esp\n"                                      \
             : /*out*/   "=a" (_res)                                  \
             : /*in*/    "a" (&_argvec[0])                            \
             : /*trash*/ "cc", "memory", __CALLER_SAVED_REGS          \
          );                                                          \
          lval = (__typeof__(lval)) _res;                             \
       } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_W_6W(lval, orig, arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6)   \
       do {                                                           \
          volatile OrigFn        _orig = (orig);                      \
          volatile unsigned long _argvec[7];                          \
          volatile unsigned long _res;                                \
          _argvec[0] = (unsigned long)_orig.nraddr;                   \
          _argvec[1] = (unsigned long)(arg1);                         \
          _argvec[2] = (unsigned long)(arg2);                         \
          _argvec[3] = (unsigned long)(arg3);                         \
          _argvec[4] = (unsigned long)(arg4);                         \
          _argvec[5] = (unsigned long)(arg5);                         \
          _argvec[6] = (unsigned long)(arg6);                         \
          __asm__ volatile(                                           \
             "subl $8, %%esp\n\t"                                     \
             "pushl 24(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 20(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 16(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 12(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 8(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "pushl 4(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "movl (%%eax), %%eax\n\t"  /* target->%eax */            \
             VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR_EAX                                \
             "addl $32, %%esp\n"                                      \
             : /*out*/   "=a" (_res)                                  \
             : /*in*/    "a" (&_argvec[0])                            \
             : /*trash*/ "cc", "memory", __CALLER_SAVED_REGS          \
          );                                                          \
          lval = (__typeof__(lval)) _res;                             \
       } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_W_7W(lval, orig, arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6,   \
                                     arg7)                            \
       do {                                                           \
          volatile OrigFn        _orig = (orig);                      \
          volatile unsigned long _argvec[8];                          \
          volatile unsigned long _res;                                \
          _argvec[0] = (unsigned long)_orig.nraddr;                   \
          _argvec[1] = (unsigned long)(arg1);                         \
          _argvec[2] = (unsigned long)(arg2);                         \
          _argvec[3] = (unsigned long)(arg3);                         \
          _argvec[4] = (unsigned long)(arg4);                         \
          _argvec[5] = (unsigned long)(arg5);                         \
          _argvec[6] = (unsigned long)(arg6);                         \
          _argvec[7] = (unsigned long)(arg7);                         \
          __asm__ volatile(                                           \
             "subl $4, %%esp\n\t"                                     \
             "pushl 28(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 24(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 20(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 16(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 12(%%eax)\n\t"                                    \
             "pushl 8(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "pushl 4(%%eax)\n\t"                                     \
             "movl (%%eax), %%eax\n\t"  /* target->%eax */            \
             VALGRIND_CALL_NOREDIR_EAX                                \
             "addl $32, %%esp\n"                                      \
             : /*out*/   "=a" (_res)                                  \
             : /*in*/    "a" (&_argvec[0])                            \
             : /*trash*/ "cc", "memory", __CALLER_SAVED_REGS          \
          );                                                          \
          lval = (__typeof__(lval)) _res;                             \
       } while (0)
    
    #define CALL_FN_W_8W(lval, orig, arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6,   \
                                     arg7,arg8)                       \
       do {                                                           \
          volatile OrigFn        _orig = (orig);                      \
          volatile unsigned long _argvec[9];                          \
          volatile unsigned long _res;                                \
          _argvec[0] = (unsigned long)_orig.nraddr;                   \
          _argvec[1] = (unsigned long)(arg1);                         \
          _argvec[2] = (unsigned long)(arg2);                         \
          _argvec[3] = (unsigned long)(arg3);                         \
          _argvec[4] = (unsigned long)(arg4);                         \
          _argvec[5] = (unsigned long)(arg5);                         \