Front-end Additions and Fixes for Cava

Implements several bug fixes and additional features for the front-end needed for the Cava benchmark.

• Implements dynamic constant expressions, which are polynomials over the function's dynamic constants with rational coefficients. We support arbitrary addition, subtraction, and multiplication, division must be by only a single term to avoid having to do polynomial long division. We also handle substituting dynamic constants for other dynamic constant expressions which is necessary for type-checking function calls.
• Adds intrinsic functions to the front-end language and handle type-checking

requested review from @rarbore2

assigned to @aaronjc4

added 3 commits

• 412f2261...ccea5a50 - 2 commits from branch main
• c12c05ba - Merge branch 'main' into mr-origin-22

Compare with previous version

This looks great. Recapping below the things needed in the IR to support this:

1. Intrinsic functions
2. Casting
3. Inlining
4. Dynamic constant math

approved this merge request

mentioned in commit 50ef23ff

merged