[SPARK-7387] [ML] [DOC] CrossValidator example code in Python

Author: Ram Sriharsha <rsriharsha@hw11853.local>

Closes #6358 from harsha2010/SPARK-7387 and squashes the following commits:

63efda2 [Ram Sriharsha] more examples for classifier to distinguish mapreduce from spark properly
aeb6bb6 [Ram Sriharsha] Python Style Fix
54a500c [Ram Sriharsha] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-7387
615e91c [Ram Sriharsha] cleanup
204c4e3 [Ram Sriharsha] Merge branch 'master' into SPARK-7387
7246d35 [Ram Sriharsha] [SPARK-7387][ml][doc] CrossValidator example code in Python

examples/src/main/python/ml/cross_validator.py

+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+from pyspark import SparkContext
+from pyspark.ml import Pipeline
+from pyspark.ml.classification import LogisticRegression
+from pyspark.ml.evaluation import BinaryClassificationEvaluator
+from pyspark.ml.feature import HashingTF, Tokenizer
+from pyspark.ml.tuning import CrossValidator, ParamGridBuilder
+from pyspark.sql import Row, SQLContext
+
+"""
+A simple example demonstrating model selection using CrossValidator.
+This example also demonstrates how Pipelines are Estimators.
+Run with:
+
+  bin/spark-submit examples/src/main/python/ml/cross_validator.py
+"""
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sc = SparkContext(appName="CrossValidatorExample")
+    sqlContext = SQLContext(sc)
+
+    # Prepare training documents, which are labeled.
+    LabeledDocument = Row("id", "text", "label")
+    training = sc.parallelize([(0, "a b c d e spark", 1.0),
+                               (1, "b d", 0.0),
+                               (2, "spark f g h", 1.0),
+                               (3, "hadoop mapreduce", 0.0),
+                               (4, "b spark who", 1.0),
+                               (5, "g d a y", 0.0),
+                               (6, "spark fly", 1.0),
+                               (7, "was mapreduce", 0.0),
+                               (8, "e spark program", 1.0),
+                               (9, "a e c l", 0.0),
+                               (10, "spark compile", 1.0),
+                               (11, "hadoop software", 0.0)
+                               ]) \
+        .map(lambda x: LabeledDocument(*x)).toDF()
+
+    # Configure an ML pipeline, which consists of tree stages: tokenizer, hashingTF, and lr.
+    tokenizer = Tokenizer(inputCol="text", outputCol="words")
+    hashingTF = HashingTF(inputCol=tokenizer.getOutputCol(), outputCol="features")
+    lr = LogisticRegression(maxIter=10)
+    pipeline = Pipeline(stages=[tokenizer, hashingTF, lr])
+
+    # We now treat the Pipeline as an Estimator, wrapping it in a CrossValidator instance.
+    # This will allow us to jointly choose parameters for all Pipeline stages.
+    # A CrossValidator requires an Estimator, a set of Estimator ParamMaps, and an Evaluator.
+    # We use a ParamGridBuilder to construct a grid of parameters to search over.
+    # With 3 values for hashingTF.numFeatures and 2 values for lr.regParam,
+    # this grid will have 3 x 2 = 6 parameter settings for CrossValidator to choose from.
+    paramGrid = ParamGridBuilder() \
+        .addGrid(hashingTF.numFeatures, [10, 100, 1000]) \
+        .addGrid(lr.regParam, [0.1, 0.01]) \
+        .build()
+
+    crossval = CrossValidator(estimator=pipeline,
+                              estimatorParamMaps=paramGrid,
+                              evaluator=BinaryClassificationEvaluator(),
+                              numFolds=2)  # use 3+ folds in practice
+
+    # Run cross-validation, and choose the best set of parameters.
+    cvModel = crossval.fit(training)
+
+    # Prepare test documents, which are unlabeled.
+    Document = Row("id", "text")
+    test = sc.parallelize([(4L, "spark i j k"),
+                           (5L, "l m n"),
+                           (6L, "mapreduce spark"),
+                           (7L, "apache hadoop")]) \
+        .map(lambda x: Document(*x)).toDF()
+
+    # Make predictions on test documents. cvModel uses the best model found (lrModel).
+    prediction = cvModel.transform(test)
+    selected = prediction.select("id", "text", "probability", "prediction")
+    for row in selected.collect():
+        print(row)
+
+    sc.stop()

examples/src/main/python/ml/simple_params_example.py

@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
     # prepare training data.
     # We create an RDD of LabeledPoints and convert them into a DataFrame.
-    # Spark DataFrames can automatically infer the schema from named tuples
-    # and LabeledPoint implements __reduce__ to behave like a named tuple.
+    # A LabeledPoint is an Object with two fields named label and features
+    # and Spark SQL identifies these fields and creates the schema appropriately.
     training = sc.parallelize([
         LabeledPoint(1.0, DenseVector([0.0, 1.1, 0.1])),
         LabeledPoint(0.0, DenseVector([2.0, 1.0, -1.0])),