diff --git a/src/ARBDException.h b/src/ARBDException.h
index d310a33857ff422f8da52359beeffe87f55fc539..e47bfe2a5af568de811fcfa8e16df01e8c50c234 100644
--- a/src/ARBDException.h
+++ b/src/ARBDException.h
@@ -11,15 +11,21 @@
 #include <exception>
 #include "SignalManager.h"
 
-enum ExceptionType {
-    UnspeficiedError,
-    NotImplementedError,
-    ValueError,
-    DivideByZeroError,
-    CUDARuntimeError,
-    FileIoError,
-    FileOpenError
+struct ExceptionType {
+public:
+    explicit constexpr ExceptionType(int value) noexcept : value{value} {};
+    constexpr operator int() const { return value; };
+private:
+    const int value;
 };
+// inline constexpr ExceptionType const UnspecifiedError{0};
+constexpr ExceptionType const UnspecifiedError{0};
+constexpr ExceptionType const NotImplementedError{1};
+constexpr ExceptionType const ValueError{2};
+constexpr ExceptionType const DivideByZeroError{3};
+constexpr ExceptionType const CUDARuntimeError{4};
+constexpr ExceptionType const FileIoError{5};
+constexpr ExceptionType const FileOpenError{6};
 
 class _ARBDException : public std::exception 
 {
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@ class _ARBDException : public std::exception
     std::string sformat(const std::string &fmt, va_list &ap);
     static std::string type_to_str(ExceptionType type) {
 	switch (type) {
-	case UnspeficiedError:
+	case UnspecifiedError:
 	    return "Error";
 	case NotImplementedError:
 	    return "NotImplementedError";
@@ -44,11 +50,12 @@ class _ARBDException : public std::exception
 };
 
 // #include "common_macros.h"
-#define S1(x) #x
-#define S2(x) S1(x)
-#define LOCATION __FILE__ "(" S2(__LINE__)")"
-
+#ifdef CUDACC
 #define Exception(...) throw _ARBDException(LOCATION, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define Exception(EXCPT,...) printf("Runtime CUDA exception at %s: ", LOCATION); \
+    printf("%s %s\n", #EXCPT, __VA_ARGS__);
+#endif
 //use illegal instruction to abort; used in functions defined both in __host__ and __device__
 #if 0
 #define CudaException(...) \
diff --git a/src/GPUManager.h b/src/GPUManager.h
index 1650ae3f8fdecb5a3672172ff091889e14a657c7..24ffe5bfe4ffce38ab08e378d6e918fcf331df71 100644
--- a/src/GPUManager.h
+++ b/src/GPUManager.h
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ struct has_copy_to_cuda<T, decltype(std::declval<T>().copy_to_cuda(), void())> :
 #ifndef gpuErrchk
 #define delgpuErrchk
 #define gpuErrchk(code) { if ((code) != cudaSuccess) {    \
-	    Exception(CUDARuntimeError, " ", cudaGetErrorString(code)); \
+	    Exception(CUDARuntimeError, cudaGetErrorString(code)); \
 	}}
 #endif
 /*
diff --git a/src/SignalManager.h b/src/SignalManager.h
index 704f39b26b9a6c6bcaeff1373ff73bab499608c0..57125838318199091c02bd5b395432afaa74d6fb 100644
--- a/src/SignalManager.h
+++ b/src/SignalManager.h
@@ -11,7 +11,22 @@
 /* #define ARBD_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL 0 */
 /* #include "logger.h" */
 
+#define S1(x) #x
+#define S2(x) S1(x)
+#define LOCATION __FILE__ "(" S2(__LINE__)")" /* mainly used by ARBDException */
+
 //*
+#ifdef __CUDA_ARCH__
+// #define LOGHELPER(TYPE, FMT,...) printf("[%d,%d] [%s] [%s]: %s", blockIdx.x, threadIdx.x, TYPE, LOCATION, FMT);
+#define LOGHELPER(TYPE, FMT,...) printf("[%s] [%s]: %s\n", TYPE, LOCATION, FMT);
+#define LOGTRACE(...) LOGHELPER("trace",  __VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOGDEBUG(...) LOGHELPER("debug",__VA_ARGS__)
+// #define DEBUG(...) spdlog::debug(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOGINFO(...) LOGHELPER("info",__VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOGWARN(...) LOGHELPER("warn",__VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOGERROR(...) LOGHELPER("error",__VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOGCRITICAL(...) LOGHELPER("critical",__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
 #define FMT_HEADER_ONLY
 #include <spdlog/fmt/bundled/core.h>
 #include <spdlog/fmt/bundled/format.h>
@@ -29,6 +44,7 @@
 #define LOGERROR(...) SPDLOG_ERROR(__VA_ARGS__)
 #define LOGCRITICAL(...) SPDLOG_CRITICAL(__VA_ARGS__)
 // spdlog::set_level(spdlog::level::trace);
+#endif
 //*/
 
 /*